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Introduction: Bhasmas are unique Ayurvedic herbo-mineral preparations subjected to specific purification (Shodhana) and incineration (Marana) processes, resulting in fine, bioavailable powders used for therapeutic purposes since antiquity. They are indicated in chronic diseases including metabolic, neurological, and immunological disorders. Recent advances in nanomedicine have revealed that the physicochemical properties of Bhasmas closely resemble engineered nanoparticles. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out by searching classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Rasatarangini, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya), and modern databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) using terms “Bhasma”, “Ayurveda”, “nanomedicine”, and “herbo-mineral formulations”. Studies reporting traditional preparation, characterization, safety, and pharmacological actions of Bhasmas were included. Exclusion criteria involved non-peer-reviewed reports and formulations unrelated to Bhasmas. Results: Classical references describe multiple Bhasmas such as Swarna Bhasma (gold), Abhraka Bhasma (mica), Tamra Bhasma (copper), and Yashada Bhasma (zinc), each indicated for specific conditions like immunomodulation, respiratory disorders, metabolic regulation, and wound healing. Modern analytical studies demonstrate particle sizes in the nanometer range, high stability, and unique surface properties enhancing bioavailability. Pharmacological studies show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Toxicological evaluations suggest that properly prepared Bhasmas are safe, though standardization remains a challenge. Discussion: The nanoscale properties of Bhasmas provide a bridge between traditional Ayurvedic wisdom and contemporary nanomedicine. Their natural synthesis through controlled incineration parallels green nanotechnology. Integration of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics with modern nanoscience may inspire novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and safety. Conclusion: Bhasmas exemplify a traditional nanomedicine system. Scientific validation of their preparation, safety, and pharmacodynamics is essential to harness their full therapeutic potential and integrate them into global healthcare.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bhasma, Nanomedicine, Pharmacology, Rasashastra