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Introduction: Ayurveda describes Visha dravya (poisonous substances) under the domain of Agada Tantra, focusing on their origin, classification, properties, and management strategies. These classical insights parallel modern toxicology, which emphasizes mechanisms of toxicity, dose-response, and antidotes. Understanding correlations between these two systems can enrich both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classics (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and modern toxicology texts. Scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (1990–2024) with keywords such as “Visha dravya,” “Ayurvedic toxicology,” “Agada Tantra,” and “poison management.” Inclusion criteria focused on primary Ayurvedic texts, experimental pharmacological studies, toxicological models, and clinical reports. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed sources and studies lacking methodological clarity. Results: Visha dravya are broadly classified into sthavara (plant/mineral origin) and jangama (animal origin). Ayurvedic descriptions emphasize properties like ashukari (rapid action) and vyavayi (systemic spread before digestion), which align with concepts of rapid absorption and systemic toxicity in modern science. Classical detoxification (Shodhana) methods are comparable to modern purification or neutralization techniques. Pharmacological studies demonstrate antitoxic and antidotal potential of herbs such as Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Haridra (Curcuma longa), and Ardraka (Zingiber officinale). Discussion: Ayurveda provides a preventive and holistic framework for poison management, while modern toxicology offers mechanistic explanations. Integration of Ayurvedic detoxification, herbal antidotes, and supportive therapies with modern emergency toxicology may provide complementary strategies. Conclusion: Bridging Ayurveda and modern toxicology highlights shared principles and unique perspectives. Revisiting Visha dravya in light of modern evidence can open avenues for novel antidotes, detoxifying agents, and integrative toxicology practices.

KEYWORDS: Agada Tantra, Ayurveda, Detoxification, Toxicology, Visha dravya